Each is tracked in the server’s TCP connection table, eventually filling the table and blocking any more connection attempts from any source. This leaves the server with open connections awaiting further communication from the client.
In a SYN flood attack, the client sends overwhelming numbers of SYN requests and intentionally never responds to the server’s SYN-ACK messages. The client sends a SYN packet, the server responds with a SYN-ACK, and the TCP connection is established. How Does SYN Flooding Work?Įvery client-server conversation begins with a standardized three-way handshake. They may be used in combination with or as a smokescreen for other types of attacks, including ransomware attacks or efforts to steal data or plant malware. For some organizations, such as those in the healthcare industry, the damage of lost access to data can be life-threatening.į5 Labs research suggests that SYN floods are one of the most common types of volumetric DoS attacks each year. The results can include a loss of business continuity, disruption of critical infrastructure, lost sales, or a damaged reputation.
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This effectively takes the server offline so that legitimate users are denied service, losing access to applications and data or preventing e-commerce. If a SYN flood is not rapidly detected and addressed, it can rapidly overwhelm a server to dramatically slow server responses and prevent any other connections. Virtually any organization with a public-facing website is vulnerable to this type of attack. The large numbers of open TCP connections that result consume the server’s resources to essentially crowd out legitimate traffic, making it impossible to open new legitimate connections and difficult or impossible for the server to function correctly for authorized users who are already connected. What Is a SYN Flood?Ī SYN flood, sometimes known as a half-open attack, is a network-tier attack that bombards a server with connection requests without responding to the corresponding acknowledgements. A SYN flood, also known as a TCP SYN flood, is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) or distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack that sends massive numbers of SYN requests to a server to overwhelm it with open connections.
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